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Overpay the mortgage, or invest instead?

Overpaying earns your mortgage rate, guaranteed and untaxed. Investing has to clear that after tax before it wins anything at all. Here is the rate it has to beat.

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The loan you have

€1,000€1,000,000
%
0%20%
years
1 year40 years

The money and the choice

€0€5,000
%
0%20%
%
0%60%
Investing must return more than

4.46%

Your loan costs 4.25%, and overpaying earns that guaranteed and untaxed. Because investment gains are taxed, the market has to return 4.46% before tax just to draw level. Below that, overpaying wins without taking any risk.

Portfolio if you overpay
€114,952
Portfolio if you invest
€151,813
Interest never paid
€30,779
Loan ends earlier by
7 years 5 months

Investing comes out ahead by €36,861

On the same end date, assuming the market returns 7.00% a year every year. It will not: that is the whole risk you are being paid to take.

Both sides are compared on the date the loan would originally have ended, so neither benefit is counted twice. Overpaying is certain. The investment return is a guess, and money in a loan cannot be withdrawn if you need it.